Civil+War+Reds+vs+Whites

=__**THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR -** ** REDS ** **VS**__ WHITES =

The **Russian Civil War** occurred between **1918-1921**, stemming from the Russian Revolution of October 1917. The consequences of the **Bolsheviks** seizing power came in 1918 through the presence of political opposition. The two main groups in this battle were the ‘Reds’ and the ‘Whites’. The Reds were the communists, those in support of the Bolsheviks, whereas the Whites were a diverse collection of groups and individuals against the communist Bolsheviks. Warfare on Russian society was harsh, and the ‘Greens’ – national minorities who wanted independence – were also pressuring the government’s authority. **Foreign powers** also intervened, supporting the White armies (although the Bolsheviks circulated propaganda to use this against their enemies). Ultimately – despite suffering defeats and White advances under the //Generals Kolchak, Deniken, Yudenich// and //Wrangel// – the Reds were victorious. The Bolsheviks were successfully able to win popular support through their campaign of //Red Terror//, their unified communist aims, and their powerful //Red Guard//. In **late 1920** the Civil War was won, the Bolsheviks having consolidated their power and position in society, able to organise Russia into their desired **Soviet Union**.  

 

__ VIDEO RESOURCE: __
media type="youtube" key="OzKuwxMPbdk?feature=player_detailpage" height="360" width="640"

__ TIMELINE: __
// LATE 1917-1918 //

__ 25 ____ th ____ October 1917 __ – ** BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION ** __ 10 ____ th ____ January 1918 __ – The Cossacks declare their independence and form the Republic of the Don. __ 19 ____ th ____ January 1918 __ – The Bolshevik government sends troops to disperse the Constituent Assembly. __ 22 ____ nd ____ January 1918 __ – The Ukrainians declare their independence from Russia. __ 16 ____ th ____ February 1918 __ – The Lithuanians declare their independence from Russia. __ 3 ____ rd ____ March 1918 __ – ** TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK ** __ 12 ____ th ____ March 1918 __ – The Bolsheviks move their capital from Petrograd to Moscow for safety reasons. __ 22 ____ nd ____ April 1918 __ – The Transcaucasians declare their independence from Russia and form the Transcaucasian Republic. __ 26 ____ th ____ May 1918 __ – The Transcaucasian Republic splits into three separate states. Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan declare their individual independence from Russia. __ 16th July 1918– __ ** IMPERIAL FAMILY EXECUTED ** __ 2 ____ nd ____ September ____ 1918 __ – The Bolshevik government proclaims a campaign of Red Terror. __ 5 ____ th ____ September 1918 __ – ** Battle of Kazan **// (11,000 Reds fight 6,000 Whites and Czechs. Battle ends on the 10 th September with a victory for the Reds) // __ 11 ____ th ____ November 1918 __ – ** TREATY OF VERSAILLES ** __ 18 ____ th ____ November 1918 __ –**Kolchak Coup.** Lativa also declares independence. // 1919 //

__ 3 ____ rd ____ January ____ 1919 __ – The Reds invade Latvia. __ 4 ____ th ____ January 1919 __ – The Reds capture Riga, capital of Latvia. __ 5 ____ th ____ January 1919 __ – The Reds recapture Vilna in Lithuania. __ 25 ____ th ____ January 1919 __ – The Reds recapture Orenburg. __ 27 ____ th ____ January 1919 __ – The Reds recapture Ekaterinburg. __ 3 ____ rd ____ February 1919 __ – The Reds capture Kiev. __ 22 ____ nd ____ March 1919 __ – A Bolshevik government is established in Hungary. __ 28 ____ th ____ April 1919 __ – Red Army counteroffensive. __ 18 ____ th ____ May 1919 __ – The Soviet Russian government declares war against Romania. __ 20 ____ th ____ May ____ 1919 __ – //Kolchak’s// farthest advance __ 22 ____ nd ____ May 1919 __ –Red Army takes Ufa. // Kolchak’s // armies retreats. __ August ____ 1919 __ –The British, the last allied force withdraws from Russia __ 2 ____ nd ____ September 1919 __ – // Denikin // captures Kiev. __ 26 ____ th ____ September ____ 1919 __ – ** Battle of Peregonovka ** **.** Whites vs. Blacks (Ukraine anarchists against Whites/Reds). White victory. __ 13 ____ th ____ October __ – //Yudenich// advances. The Red Army counterattacks, //Yudenich// retreats. ** Battle ** **of Orel** (White victory) __ 20 ____ th ____ October ____ 1919 __ –The Reds recapture Orel. __ 14 ____ th ____ November ____ 1919 __ – Red Army captures Omsk.

// 1920 //

__ 1 ____ st ____ February 1920 __ –Armistice treaty between Russia and Latvia. __ 2 ____ nd ____ February 1920 __ – ** Treaty of Tartu. ** Russia recognizes Estonia's independence. __ 28 ____ th ____ April 1920 __ –Red Army takes Baku. __ 7 ____ th ____ May 1920 __ –Troops from Poland take Kiev. __ 15 ____ th ____ June 1920 __ – Red Army takes Kiev. __ 12 ____ th ____ July 1920 __ – ** Treaty ** **of Moscow**. Russia recognizes Lithuania's independence. __ 11 ____ th ____ August 1920 __ – ** Treaty of Riga. ** Russia recognizes Latvia's independence. __ 14 ____ th ____ August 1920 __ – ** Battle of Warsaw ** - part of the Russo-Polish War. It will last until August 16, 1920. The Red Army puts Warsaw under siege. Red Army is defeated. __ 14 ____ th ____ October 1920 __ – ** Treaty of Tartu ** (another one). Russia recognizes Finland's independence. __ 7 ____ th ____ -15 ____ th ____ November 1920 __ – ** Battle of Perekop ** .Red Army defeats the White Army for good

// Reds win the Civil War. //

__USEFUL RESOURCES:__
"The Russian Civil War", The National Archives, 26.5.2013, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /education/coldwar/G1/cs1/s5.htm (Primary Source) || This website displayed an example of propaganda used by the Bolsheviks throughout the Civil War, published in 1919. The image depicts the White commanders, Yudenich, Kolchak and Denikin as dogs. We can use this portrayal to help us understand the views towards the Whites at this time. || The purpose of this source was to gain insight in to the propaganda which was used throughout the civil war and gain views on what the Bolsheviks really felt towards the Whites. || This source is limited as it is only propaganda comprised from one artist and their views. It does not represent the views of other people within the side, nor does it include an accurate depiction of the Whites. || "Year 12 Revs: Russian Civil War", Springvalerevs.blogspot, 26.5.2013, http://springvalerevs.blogspot.com.au /2010/09/russian-civil-war-propaganda.html (Primary Sources) || This website provided useable examples of propaganda created at the time of the Civil War. It also includes posters and maps of what kind of people were on what particular side, as well as what areas those sides had inhabited. || The purpose of this site was to help understand what each side felt towards their opponent and also towards their cause. || Once again, these sources were not entirely useful, as they are not accurate portrayals of the people, places and events associated with the Civil War. They are also biased towards the authors behind them. || Civil War 1917 - 1920", emersonkent.com, 26.5.2013, http://www.emersonkent.com /wars_and_battles_in_history /russian_civil_war.htm#Red_Army (Secondary Source) || This secondary source provided written content and images to support the material. It covered a lot of ground in quite a small amount of reading. It was detailed and specific and held a large amount of factual evidence. || The purpose of this site is to educate, as it is written in easy to understand language, while still covering important and specific material. || However, there are limitations with this site, as with any internet based research. For one, it is written from one person's point of view, subjecting the information to bias. Furthermore, the content was not written at the time of the events, so the information may not be completely accurate. || Civil War", History Learning Site, 26.5.2013, http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk /russian_civil_war1.htm (Secondary Source) || Clear and basic run down of the key events and people associated with the Russian Civil War. Depicts clear ideologies behind the causes of the war, however, no mention of what happens after the war is mentioned. || This site is simply aimed at educating wide- spread audiences. It's language is easy to understand, yet it still contains useful information. || Limitations of this site include it's lack of primary evidence and support which is sometimes necessary to back up information displayed within secondary sources. It is also biased, as it is written from one persons opinion and the writer was not present at the particular events that transpired. || (Secondary Source) || This source presented information on the Russian Civil War. It predominantly focused on the Whites, Reds and Greens and their militaristic structures.It also provided a brief insight as to which groups in society followed the different parties. || The purpose of this source was to provide summary on the different parties in the Russian Civil War, their structures, motives and support. || This source is presented to a limited audience as the language would not be useful to those younger readers. It is also merely an overview, so it does not explore the facts deeply and it does not include primary sources or quotes. || New York, Pegasus Books, 2007, pg. 16-45 (Primary Source) || This source documented both long and short term causes of the Civil War, as well as the prevalent leaders and figure heads associated with the cause. It focussed on many different areas of the war, with detailed information and quotes from leaders and historians. || The purpose of this source was to educate and provide useable and widespread information to readers. || However, this source was limited as the language presented would not accomodate younger audiences. The information was also incredibly detailed and time consuming to read and understand. || johndclare.net, 27.5.2013, http://www.johndclare.net/Russ7.htm (Primary and Secondary Source) || This site contained both primary and secondary sources within it's content. It summarised the war, by depicting the prevalent battles, people and ideologies, while also providing examples of propaganda that was used during that time. || The purpose of this source is to educate. The language is simple to under- stand and all facts are supported with some form of evidence. || However, this source is limited, as the article is comprised of one opinion, which makes the content subject to bias. || (Secondary Source) || This website contains information about the strengths of the Red Army. It addresses its leadership, ruthlessness, geography and propaganda. || The purpose of this source was to go into detail about the Red Armies strengths. it has clear titles that make it easy for the reader to navigate through the situation. || This source is limited in that the information is not entirely comprehensive. There is also no reference page, so it is difficult to know if the facts are accurate. || (Primary Source) || This piece of propaganda depicts the Bolshevik army as a fallen dragon, and the White army as a victorious crusading knight. || The purpose of this primary source was to turn the Russian citizens against the Red army, so that the Whites gained supporters. || This source is limited in the it could be significantly biased. It could also have been an altered representation of the events at the time depending on the authors interpretation. || (Secondary Source) || This secondary source primarily addresses the events that led up to the Russian Civil War. It also focuses on the differing parties' motives, the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk and the results of the war. || The purpose of this site is to provide a comprehensive account of the Russian Civil War and to show the ideologies, beliefs and events at the time. || This webpage is limited as it has no references or bibliography. This means that the information may be unreliable. It also does not go into full details about the White Army, it primarily focuses on the Red's strengths. ||
 * Reference for Resource: || Content: || Purpose: || Limitations: ||
 * Author Unknown, 2013,
 * Author Unknown, 2013,
 * Author Unknown, 2013, "The Russian
 * Author Unkown, 2013, "The Russian
 * Graham, J. (2000). //The Russian Civil War//. Retrieved May 26, 2013, from HistoryOrb: http://www.historyorb.com/russia/civil_war.php
 * Mawdsley. E, "The Russian Civil War",
 * Clare. J, 2013, "The Civil War",
 * BBC. (2013). //Bolshevik strengths//. Retrieved May 27, 2013, from BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/history/russia/russiancivil/revision/2/
 * Russian Federation . (1919, January 1). //Propoganda .// Retrieved May 27, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/filehistory
 * SparkNotes. (2013). //Vladimir Lenin// . Retrieved May 27, 2013, from SparkNotes: http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/lenin/section7.rhtml